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Story
28 March 2023
Building competitiveness of the potato sector in Iraq
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Press Release
28 March 2023
Hamadan: the latest in UNITAD and Iraqi Authorities Joint Excavation and Investigation of ISIL Victims’ Mass Graves in Sinjar
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Press Release
28 March 2023
Toward Comprehensive Rehabilitation: Mental Health Service Referral System Launched for Genocide Survivors in Iraq
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Latest
The Sustainable Development Goals in Iraq
The Sustainable Development Goals are a global call to action to end poverty, protect the earth’s environment and climate, and ensure that people everywhere can enjoy peace and prosperity. These are the goals the UN is working on in Iraq:
Video
21 February 2023
Celebrating International Mother Language Day
21 February is observed as International Mother Language Day. Proclaimed by UNESCO in 1999, it recognises that multilingualism can advance inclusion, and the Sustainable Development Goals’ focus on “leaving no one behind”.
Languages featured in this video showcase a sample of the cultural diversity of UN staff in Iraq. Together, we promote, preserve and protect our mother languages.
Watch the video here: https://bit.ly/3YNmy9u
Video produced by the Public Information Office of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)
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02 February 2023
Briefing to the UN Security Council, SRSG Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert | 2 February 2023
In May 2003, nearly 20 years ago, the Council adopted Resolution 1483 to chart a way forward for post-Saddam Iraq. Sergio Vieira de Mello was appointed as the Secretary General’s Special Representative, for four months, to help set up UN operations at their early stages.
At the time, he stated: The people of Iraq, as we know only too well, have suffered and have suffered enough. It is time that we all […] come together to ensure that this suffering comes to an end, and that Iraqi people take their destiny into their own hands […].
That same year, mid-August 2003, the Council established the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, UNAMI. A few days later Sergio de Mello and 21 colleagues lost their lives in an attack on the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad. Another 150 colleagues were wounded in the blast. And while they fell victim to the violence they were committed to stop, our work continued. But yes, 2023 will surely be a year of remembrance – in many ways. And I would like to use this opportunity to thank the successive Iraqi governments for the constructive working relationship that they have maintained with the United Nations throughout these two decades.
Madam President,
In the past 4 years, I often said that Iraq’s situation could hardly be judged without placing it in the context of Iraq’s history as decades of trouble continue to impact the present. And this still holds true today. Iraq’s challenges did not arise overnight. And dealing with both the legacy of the past and the many challenges of the present it will take time – no matter who is in the driving seat. It should also be underlined that no government can go it alone. In other words: it is of the greatest importance that political parties and other actors prioritize the country’s interest above all else. At the end of the day, it is and remains a joint responsibility.
Now – as any government will require both time and broad political support to move Iraq forward, let me emphasize the importance of managing public expectations. Overpromising and underdelivering can have dire consequences. And sugar-coating the situation will only add to feelings of frustration and disillusion.
Madam President,
Some three months ago, the Council of Representatives confirmed Iraq’s new President and Government – ending more than a year of tensions, political discord, and power play. Three out of 23 cabinet ministers are women. Needless to say: we eagerly await a further increase of women in decision-making positions. Looking ahead, and as I explained, no one can expect Iraq’s challenges to be resolved overnight, but I’d also like to see the glass half full.
In my most recent briefing to the Council, last October, I emphasized (not for the first time) that, since 2003, too many opportunities to conduct meaningful and much-needed reform have been wasted, while stressing that pervasive corruption is a major root cause of Iraqi dysfunctionality. I made it clear that it is past time to act on several key issues, and that the window to do so is only brief.
In its first three months in office, Iraq’s new government – under the lead of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani – showed its commitment to tackle the most pressing challenges facing the country, including endemic corruption, poor public service delivery and high levels of unemployment.
On the fight against corruption, the government has taken a number of important steps, including with regards to the recovery of stolen funds and the investigation of corruption allegations.
And I can only encourage the Iraqi government to persevere, as those who stand to lose will undoubtedly seek to hinder these efforts. But if Iraq is to build a system that serves the need of society instead of serving a closed community of collusion, then ensuring accountability across the spectrum, is absolutely essential. This means giving no respite to those who extract state resources for private and/or other interests. Moreover, systemic change will prove vital. I spelled it out so many times: throughout the years Iraq’s corruption turned into a system – that is, going beyond a collection of individuals or a series of events.
Ongoing government efforts to improve public service delivery should also be acknowledged. That said, and being mindful of managing public expectations, I would like to recall that effecting meaningful change (that positively impacts the lives of all citizens) it will take time – as this can only happen through structural change that requires systemic, socio-economic reform, stronger institutions and better governance at all levels.
Also, and there is no denying it, delays in much-needed and long-awaited economic, fiscal and financial reform are palpable throughout the country. Most recently, it has been concerning to see the increase in the exchange rate on the parallel market adding to the pressure on everyday Iraqi women and men. On the short-term, it is obviously essential that the federal budget is passed ASAP. A further delay will only result in worsening the situation due to the well-known spending constraints.
Now - on this topic, I would like to (yet again) caution against measures that will result in further bloating Iraq’s public service. Despite the pressing need to address high levels of unemployment, Iraq can simply not afford to add to the burden of an already extremely inflated public sector. And in a related observation, let me reiterate that oil dependency leaves the Iraqi economy more vulnerable to external shocks. Iraq should thus prioritize sustainable economic diversification, including the development of a value-adding, employment-generating private sector.
Madam President,
There are of course many other areas that require the immediate attention of Iraq’s government. From the significant environmental challenges; the importance of energy independence; the continued returns of Iraqi nationals from Al-Hol and other camps and prisons in North-eastern Syria; the need to swiftly implement the Sinjar Agreement; the long-awaited finalization of the Kirkuk-dialogue; the transition from humanitarian response towards durable solutions and development; to issues such as constitutional amendments and substantive progress on security sector reform - to name but a few.
I will certainly report on these issues in future briefings but there’s one more area I would like to mention now. That is, the protection and promotion of human rights, including accountability for human rights violations and abuses. To again quote Sergio Vieira de Mello - before he flew out to Baghdad in 2003: I believe, he said, that respect for human rights is the only solid foundation for durable peace and for development. In line with these words, let me here emphasise that silencing, obstructing, dismissing or undermining constructive criticism achieves one thing only: it tarnishes the image of the State and erodes public trust. Whereas encouraging public discourse enables institutions to flourish and to adapt. Needless to say: genuine commitment to human rights is pivotal to any country, including Iraq.
Madam President, turning to Baghdad-Erbil relations. The government programme expressed commitment to resolve outstanding issues between the federal and the Kurdistan Regional Governments, including legislating the oil and gas law within six months.
Some initial steps have been taken to this end, including a number of high-level visits and the creation of joint technical committees. Dynamics were generally described as positive, and that is a good thing. Yet a structured dialogue, which remains of great importance to institutionalize relations, such dialogue is still missing. And crucially, these consultations are yet to translate into concrete agreements, including, as mentioned, on the pressing issue of the 2023 federal budget.
All things considered, it is our hope that the recent ruling of the Federal Supreme Court does not stymie ongoing negotiations on the budget. We wish instead that both Baghdad and Erbil remain incentivised to reach a lasting arrangement so as to move away from constant crisis management.
Zooming in on the Kurdistan Region. In my previous briefings, I outlined the risks of political infighting. Regrettably, divisions among ruling parties in the Kurdistan Region continue to have adverse effects on its institutions and its people. It even translated into one coalition party boycotting the cabinet sessions since October.
Last Saturday, a meeting of the parties in Sulaymaniyah offered a glimmer of hope. While this meeting in itself was an important message, I cannot but emphasize the need to act quickly and pragmatically. To be clear: the Kurdistan Region’s political parties cannot afford to lose more time. Hence, swift compromises on outstanding fiscal, administrative, security and electoral disagreements are urgently needed.
On Iraq’s external relations, Madam President, I am pleased to report that the Iraqi government continued its policy of openness and balance, based on mutual interests and also respect for the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity and good neighbourliness. And as I stated during the “Baghdad II” conference in Amman on 20 December, I wholeheartedly support Iraq’s Prime Minister in his endeavour to make Iraq a platform for dialogue and investment. That said, Iraq continues to face repeated and destabilising violations of its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
To state the obvious: messaging by strikes does nothing but recklessly heighten tensions, kill people and destroy property. Again, established diplomatic instruments are at everybody’s disposal, also when neighbours are faced with perceived national security threats. For Iraq to further bolster its domestic stability, it is incumbent on us all to help foster an enabling environment.
Madam President,
Anticipating the next speaker, let me just reiterate that Iraq remains one of the most explosive ordnance-contaminated countries in the world. Nationally-led clearance efforts, including national budget allocations, are truly commendable. However, the sector as a whole remains underfunded. Consequently, Iraqi civilians pay the price. In 2022, explosive remnants of war continued to be the leading cause of child casualties in Iraq and caused overall one third of civilian casualties. I can therefore only encourage the international community to continue its support.
Madam President, allow me to turn to the issue of missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals and missing Kuwaiti property - including the national archives. We, of course, highly welcome the steps taken by the Government of Iraq to encourage more witnesses to come forward. We also commend the continuous cooperation of the Members of the Tripartite Commission on the provision of satellite imagery. Both are vital to efforts for the identification of other potential burial sites.
In conclusion, Madam President, I would like to convey both a sense of hope, and a sense of urgency. The hope is that the confirmation of Iraq’s new government will provide an opportunity to structurally address the many pressing issues facing the country and its people. The urgency is for Iraq’s political class to seize the brief window of opportunity it is awarded, and to finally lift the country out of recurring cycles of instability and fragility.
Lastly, allow me to congratulate (once more) Iraq’s national football team for its recent Arabian Gulf Cup victory. It is worth noting that Iraq hosted the tournament for the first time since 1979 – after decades of isolation, violence, strife, and tensions. In my humble opinion, a great testimony to Iraq’s return to normality and its potential to rally not only the nation but also regional partners around a common and positive objective.
Thank you.
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28 November 2022
UN DSRSG/RC/HC for Iraq, Mr. Ghulam Isaczai, visit to Anbar Governorate
Reintegrating displaced Iraqi families is a key priority for the Government of Iraq, and the UN in Iraq. UNDP’s Community-based Reconciliation and Reintegration in Iraq Project has supported the return of displaced Iraqis to four locations in Anbar, Salah al-Din, & Ninewa.
Today UN DSRSG/RC/HC for Iraq Mr. Ghulam M. Isaczai visited Anbar Governor Mr. Ali Farhan to discuss joint efforts to encourage reintegration in Anbar. He also met with the Habbaniyah Local Peace Committee, led by Mayor Mr. Ali Dawood, to discuss the committee’s support, which has seen the return of 524 families to the area since the Local Peace Agreement of January 2021.
The DSRSG/RC/HC was impressed with the efforts of the local government and Local Peace Committee, including strong UN support toward reintegration. A fruitful discussion included an exchange of successful experiences, touching on challenges related to livelihoods and long-term support of the returnees.
He visited the Vocational Training Centre in Ramadi, where families and community members participate in livelihoods training in six specialties. At the Al-Mathiq Health Clinic, he met with families perceived to be affiliated with ISIL who have returned to their areas of origin and discussed the hardships they have faced.
UNDP’s fulsome approach to reintegration includes livelihoods training, MHPSS, and housing rehabilitation. The first phase of the Community-based Reconciliation and Reintegration in Iraq Project has been supported by the Government of Japan.
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Story
04 October 2022
Briefing to the UN Security Council, SRSG Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert | 4 October 2022
Calls for Iraq’s leaders to overcome their differences, and form a government, have abounded since elections were held a year ago.
Over the past 12 months, we underlined (time and again) the importance of maintaining calm, of maintaining dialogue, constitutional compliance, respect for democratic principles, the unimpeded working of state institutions, and a functioning government to effectively address the legitimate demands for better public services, jobs, security, an end to corruption, and justice and accountability - to name a few.
But regretfully, discord and power play prevailed over a sense of common duty. And as a direct result of protracted political inaction, Iraq experienced some very critical and dangerous hours.
With protests and counter-protests being staged, tensions were on the rise for months. Supporters of political parties, many of whom carry weapons, got increasingly worked up. And one did not need a crystal ball to see where this could lead. Meanwhile, the ordinary Iraqi citizen was being held hostage to an unpredictable and untenable situation.
A dire situation, that culminated on Monday August 29, when the country stood on the brink of total chaos. Political tensions degenerated in armed clashes in the heart of the capital and elsewhere. The sad result: dozens of people killed, and hundreds wounded.
Now, these tragic developments are indisputably the result of the inability of Iraq’s political class to cast the die.
In other words: actors across the spectrum failed to place the national interest first. They left the country in a prolonged impasse, further fuelling already simmering anger.
And while one would expect that recent events would have served as a wake-up call, the harsh reality is that, to date, intra-Shia strife has not abated, nor have Kurdish parties come closer to agreeing on a presidential candidate.
So where do we stand now? The situation remains highly volatile.
After more than two months of paralysis, parliament resumed its sessions last Wednesday, September 28, amid tight (very tight) security measures. These measures, however, did not prevent further incidents, including a number of IDF impacts as well as clashes between protesters and security forces.
To be clear: there is zero justification for violence. Yet in this instance again, many were injured, 11 civilians and more than 120 members of the Iraqi Security Forces - all sons of the country.
And we have not seen the end of it yet. Last night, after three days of rocket attacks, Basra witnessed intense fighting, while smaller incidents were reported in other southern governorates.
Mr. President,
On the first of October, last Saturday, we remembered the victims of the Tishreen demonstrations.
Three years ago, as you recall, Iraqis took to the streets to protest a lack of political, economic and social prospects. It was a mobilisation of an unprecedented scale, and it turned into a tragedy. Several hundreds of Iraqis died, and many more were severely injured, abducted, threatened or intimidated.
As a result of these protests, the previous government stepped down, and early elections were organized, a year ago. In other words, and I said it often: last year’s elections were extremely hard-earned. And with this in mind, the absence of a functioning government 12 months later is hard to justify.
It has to be said that last Saturday, new protests were expected. The hope was that they would be held peacefully. But in the early morning hours, we woke up to another call of our “sense and warn” alarm system. The day was not off to a promising start.
Throughout the day, however, protester numbers remained relatively low. Not because Iraqis are now suddenly content, but because they do not wish to be instrumentalized in the ongoing power struggle - as made abundantly clear by many of those who took to the streets in 2019.
The Iraqi Security Forces demonstrated great restraint in their response, adhering strictly to given orders. But regretfully, some disruptive elements were present on the streets. And I can only reiterate the importance of keeping any protest away from violence. The fact is: the smallest spark can suffice to trigger a major disaster.
Mr. President,
We brought our full support to the National Dialogue under the auspices of Iraq’s Prime Minister. A forum that, so far, convened twice. For this initiative to bear fruit, however, it is crucial that all parties take their seat. I repeat, all parties.
As an aside, it is worth noting that none of the parties were represented by women.
That said, it is also incumbent on all to act responsibly in times of heightened tensions. This means refraining from making provocative statements and feeding into counter-productive, not to say harmful, discourses.
And while I am usually disinclined to air our initiatives publicly, I would like to emphasize our intense engagements during the past months and weeks; from participating in dialogue and holding countless bilateral meetings to drafting roadmaps and conducting shuttle diplomacy in various forms. Believe me, we tried, non-stop.
That said: we do not have a magic wand. Ultimately, it all comes down to political will.
Equally important is the understanding that, at the end of the day, one can only be influential if you accept the influence of others. If only there was a willingness to compromise.
One thing is clear: the persistent and overt lack of trust perpetuates a zero-sum game, a game in which commitment to concrete solutions is being avoided.
Having said this, Mr. President: there are solutions.
Of course, every situation has its own history and idiosyncrasies. But let me be clear: since the elections were held a year ago, all sides - and I mean all sides - made strategic mistakes and miscalculations. More importantly still, they missed many valuable opportunities to resolve their differences. And with risks of further strife and bloodshed still very tangible, dwelling on who did what when is no longer an option.
Hence, it is high time for Iraq’s leaders (all of them) to engage in dialogue, collectively define core Iraqi needs and pull the country back from the ledge.
In other words, all leaders should assume responsibility and return the spotlight where it must be: on the people of Iraq.
Make no mistake, public disillusion is running sky-high. Too many Iraqis have lost faith in the ability of Iraq’s political class to act in the interest of the country and its people. And a continued failure to address this loss of faith, will only exacerbate Iraq’s problems.
Focus is equally important. We have seen the announcement of a plethora of initiatives since the elections in October last year. But too many tracks and too many cooks distract, confuse and blur the picture.
As I said, there are solutions. But for solutions to see daylight, genuine and timely dialogue is essential, including a willingness to compromise.
And yes, it goes without saying: delivering a functioning government is merely the first step to overcoming the current crisis in a sustainable way. A wide range of critical issues must be addressed. Chief amongst them is the adoption of a federal budget, absent which state spending could come to a halt by the end of the year.
And work towards transformative change has to kick off.
Let us face it: since 2003, too many opportunities to conduct meaningful and much needed reform have been wasted. Nearly 20 years on, Iraq’s leaders must acknowledge that systemic change is vital for the country’s future.
Attempts to push through incremental reform, including in the fight against corruption, have failed so far – having been actively undermined or obstructed.
I said it many times, also in your chamber: corruption is a core feature of Iraq’s current political economy, built into everyday transactions. This is not just me saying it. It is widely recognized.
A related feature is Iraq’s reliance on patronage and clientelism. This has resulted in a ballooning, inefficient public sector that functions more as an instrument of political favour than as a servant of the people.
And while Iraq is by no means a poor country, private and partisan interests conspire to divert resources away from critical investment in national development.
What I am saying is: Iraq’s political and governance system ignores the needs of the Iraqi people, or even worse, actively works against them.
Pervasive corruption is a major root cause of Iraqi dysfunctionality. And frankly, no leader can claim to be shielded from it.
Keeping the system “as is” will backfire, sooner rather than later. That said, it is important to frame it as precisely that: a system, rather than a collection of individuals or a series of events.
Mr. President,
As calls for early national elections have become more pronounced, let me elaborate further on this topic.
Besides the obvious benefits for political parties to clarify a number of matters in advance, we emphasized the importance of following established (legal) procedures and mechanisms.
We also made clear that - at this point in time - we would not be able to confirm UNAMI’s ability to assist in new elections, as this would depend on a formal request of the Iraqi Government addressed to your Council, and (of course) subsequent deliberations.
Other questions are also worth raising, for instance:
What are the guarantees that new national elections will not be held in vain once again?
How will Iraqi citizens be persuaded that it is worth casting their vote?
And what reassurances would the international community need for them to support new elections?
Mr. President,
On the topic of elections, we have also actively engaged Kurdistan Region authorities and political parties on several outstanding issues related to the 6th Kurdistan Region parliamentary elections.
These elections were initially scheduled for the first of October, that is, three days ago. To date, however, Kurdistan Region political parties are yet to find common ground, with again the “yellow and green” divide as the single most disruptive factor impeding progress.
In no uncertain terms, we made clear that, here also, we do not have a magic wand. Here also, it comes down to political will. Here also, party leaders should understand that one can only be truly influential if they accept the influence of others. Hence, a willingness to compromise is essential. More generally: monopolizing power breeds instability. That goes for both Iraq as a whole and for the Kurdistan Region.
Now, let me stress the following: the political fallout of not conducting timely Kurdistan Region parliamentary elections, of not properly managing public expectations, of neglecting basic democratic principles, will bear a high cost. And if that were to happen, it would not be for lack of warning.
Hence, we are impatiently waiting for parties to fulfil their many promises and to act in the service of the peoples of the Kurdistan Region.
Mr. President,
Addressing the Council in May, I raised the alarm at Turkish and Iranian shelling in the North having become the “new normal” for Iraq. And with last week’s Iranian attacks, I can now only repeat myself.
These reckless acts, which have devastating consequences, killing and injuring people, must cease.
No neighbour should treat Iraq as its backyard. No neighbour should be allowed to routinely, and with impunity, violate Iraq’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. Yet it is happening. Time and again.
Mr. President,
On the issue of missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals and missing Kuwaiti property, including the national archives:
We are pleased to see that Iraq’s efforts to reach new witnesses continue unhindered. These witnesses are of great importance to help locate new potential burial sites. Equally important is the contribution of Tripartite Member states through their provision of satellite imagery analysis.
The handover by Iraq on July 4 of additional missing Kuwaiti property, including a historical sword, two historical copies of the Holy Quran, and items belonging to the Kuwaiti Ministry of Information, marks another positive step.
It is hoped that, with persistence, determination and commitment from all, more results will soon emerge.
Mr. President,
To conclude my remarks, let me again emphasize the importance of embarking on a path towards political stability. And let me say it once more: there are solutions.
It is in the power of any Iraqi leader to drag the country into a protracted and deadly conflict, as it is in their power to place the national interest first and lift the country out of this crisis.
Thank you, Mr. President.
BTSC
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Publication
06 September 2021
United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework IRAQ (UNSDCF)
For decades, Iraq has suffered political instability caused by armed conflict, waves of internal displacement, and the resulting socio‐economic crises. The decline in the oil prices, on which the Government2is heavily dependent, the proliferation of armed actors operating outside State control, and the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated existing vulnerabilities. The youth popular uprisings, which started in October 2019, called for improved governance system, meaningful political reforms, economic growth, accountable political institutions and job opportunities.
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28 March 2023
Building competitiveness of the potato sector in Iraq
In a country mired by unemployment and over-dependence on oil resources, the Iraqi potato sector holds untapped potential for growth. Over the next few years, potatoes are expected to be the second highest in demand after tomatoes in the Iraqi horticulture sector.
Ahmed Hussain Mohammed grows potatoes on his farm in Ninewah, an area that was still occupied by ISIS five years ago.
He attended a governorate level round of consultation held in Mosul recently, as part of efforts to support the development of the potato sector strategy in Iraq.
“Ninewah is considered the breadbasket of Iraq, as it provides food to all governorates. Potatoes are a strategic product for the region,” Ahmed said.
A similar governorate level consultation was also held in Baghdad on 14 February.
Public and private sector representatives, including farmers, processors, traders, retailers, and agri-support business services, as well as development partners actively engaged in the rounds of consultations.
These consultations are a milestone towards the elaboration of the national strategy for the potato sector.
The strategy will provide a roadmap to improve competitiveness of farmers and small and medium enterprises, in line with the priorities set by the government. It is accompanied by a detailed 5-year Plan of Action with measurable and prioritized actions. It builds on structured discussions with farmers and small businesses.
The Ministry of Agriculture is leading the preparation of the strategy with the International Trade Centre facilitating the elaboration of the potato sector strategy within the framework of the European Union-funded project, “Strengthening the agriculture and agri-food value chain and improving trade policy in Iraq” (SAAVI).
Beyond the participatory nature of the process, the development of the strategy is also based on solid evidence and research. More than 500 competitiveness surveys focusing on agribusinesses and farmers were completed throughout the country. Over 3000 interviews were conducted at the national level with consumers as well as with representatives from various stakeholder groups, such as traders, wholesalers, and retailers, to help better understand market demand, and identify areas of improvement and market opportunities.
The efforts built upon the successful development of ITC-facilitated Iraq’s Tomato and Poultry Sustainable Development Strategies (2022-2026), under the leadership of the Government of Iraq. The strategies were endorsed by the Ministry of Agriculture and officially launched in July 2022 and are currently under implementation. A National Core Team formed by key public and private sector representatives has been established to provide guidance to the implementation of the strategies. It also oversees the design process of the potato sector strategy.
The next round of consultations will be held in May, in the presence of international potato sector experts, prominent companies, and senior government officials.
About SAAVI: The ‘Strengthening the Agriculture and Agri-Food Value Chain and Improving Trade Policy’ (SAAVI) project, funded by the European Union, focuses on the development and implementation of sector strategies for high-potential products, as well as on defining market-oriented policies to improve predictability and efficiency in the business environment. SAAVI also helps enhance Iraq’s trade policy and supports the country in its WTO accession process. SAAVI is implemented under the leadership of the Government of Iraq through the Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Trade. The project forms part of the overall European Union Special measure for supporting employment creation and improving economic governance in Iraq.
About SAAVI: The ‘Strengthening the Agriculture and Agri-Food Value Chain and Improving Trade Policy’ (SAAVI) project, funded by the European Union, focuses on the development and implementation of sector strategies for high-potential products, as well as on defining market-oriented policies to improve predictability and efficiency in the business environment. SAAVI also helps enhance Iraq’s trade policy and supports the country in its WTO accession process. SAAVI is implemented under the leadership of the Government of Iraq through the Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Trade. The project forms part of the overall European Union Special measure for supporting employment creation and improving economic governance in Iraq.
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15 March 2023
Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert Keynote address to the Sulaymaniyah Forum
Excellencies,
Ladies and gentlemen,
Participating in this Forum four years ago, in March 2019, I kicked off by saying that I would speak candidly and in a thought-provoking way, so that we could attempt to, honestly and constructively, address some of the deep-rooted problems in Iraqi processes and institutions. If you allow me, I will do so again today.
Now at the time, I said that only by focusing on the systemic concerns, would it be possible to revive public trust. I warned that simmering anger boils over easily, and that failure to act would inevitably lead to a new cycle of violence.
What happened after? And where are things today?
Of course, all of us will recall the mass demonstrations in October of that same year.
Many, many Iraqis – from all walks of life – took to the streets, protesting a lack of economic, social and political prospects; tired of corruption and partisan interests; after 16 years, simply done with undelivered promises.
What they were asking for: a country capable of reaching its full potential for the benefit of all Iraqis.
The rest is history. The heavy loss of life, as well as the many injuries, combined with a lack of accountability and the hijacking of peaceful protests by all manner of power dynamics, resulted in the rapid expansion of an already huge crisis of confidence.
Long story short: these events, as we all know, led to the Prime Minister’s resignation, the confirmation of a new government and importantly, the holding of early parliamentary elections two years later, in October 2021.
And while these elections were widely recognized as transparent and credible – which is no small feat for a young democracy – soon after, Iraq found itself in an extremely volatile and politically charged post-electoral environment.
Calls for parties to overcome their differences went unheeded. And with tensions on the rise for months, one did not need a crystal ball to see where this would lead to: a situation that resulted in armed clashes in the heart of the capital and elsewhere.
But, at last, in October 2022, after more than a year of discord and power play, the Council of Representatives confirmed Iraq’s new Government under the leadership of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani. It was about time.
Ladies and gentlemen, looking back at my quarterly briefings to the UN Security Council over the past four years, it is undoubtedly clear: political, security, economic, environmental and institutional challenges have - by and large - remained consistent.
What does this mean?
It means that many of the aspirations and demands - that came to the fore in October 2019 – they are still alive. It means that band-aid solutions do not work. It also means that political inaction must be put behind us.
It moreover means that the patience and resilience of Iraqis will continue to be tested.
Why? Because no one can expect the new Government, this Government, to accomplish miracles overnight. Dealing with both the enormous legacy of Iraq’s past and the many challenges of the present. It will take time.
Certainly, Iraq has overcome some of the key, short-term impediments it was facing immediately after the removal of Saddam Hussein. But, since then, the country has grappled with a plethora of destabilising events and trends, both domestic and external.
From deadly sectarian violence, the fight against Daesh, armed groups operating outside state control and various external power competitions, to COVID-19, significant environmental challenges, and the adverse effects of climate change – to name but a few.
Now, these events of the past 20 years did not only compound existing fragilities inherited from the previous decades, they also exposed new weaknesses.
In other words: while Iraq, throughout its history, has navigated some very dark and difficult times, drivers of instability in the country’s more recent past…remain, to a large extent, the same - resulting in a pattern of recurring crises.
And these include, inter alia, systemic corruption, weak governance, poor service delivery, unemployment, and an overreliance on oil. All of which in turn impact the everyday Iraqi citizen, feed into public grievances, and exacerbate tensions within and between communities.
That said, we also know that out of any crisis, new opportunities can emerge. And let me emphasize this before anyone gets the impression that Iraq is a lost cause. It is not.
Iraq has immense potential. And painting a crescendo of doom, is not my objective here, not at all.
So, let me underline once more: the recent confirmation of Iraq’s new Government under the leadership of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia. Al-Sudani provides a crucial window of opportunity. An opportunity to steer the country back on to the course of stability.
In my most recent briefing to the UN Security Council, in early February, I mentioned that Iraq’s Government had shown its resolve to tackle a number of pressing issues.
Yet it is, of course, still early days. I can therefore only again emphasize that any government needs time to get things done. Also, for any government to achieve meaningful progress, broad support - be it from within or outside the coalition - is a prerequisite.
It is quite simple: the kind of in-depth change that is needed now requires relentless commitment from a wide range of actors. And absolutely, it also requires placing the national interest above all else.
In turn, the Iraqi people need to see that (slowly but surely) progress is being achieved for all Iraqis – and that includes women, minorities and young people.
They need to see that inclusivity and equality are not mere words in speeches but are dealt with as absolute essentials.
They need to see that civic space is not being restricted but given room to flourish, thereby guaranteeing the freedom of expression.
They need to see that justice and accountability are ensured, for all - regardless of affiliation or background.
And they need to see that creating a conducive and “all-in” environment is at the core of any policy or piece of legislation.
Ladies and gentlemen, with Iraq’s long list of outstanding business on everyone’s mind - it is important to focus, to not get distracted or create new and unnecessary headaches for the Government.
In other words, to break with the cycles of instability, what must the priorities be? What is the potential impact of a certain law or regulation? Also, could it be controversial or divisive? Could it antagonize communities? And if so, what does that mean for the broad support desperately needed now?
Be it possible changes to existing laws, the entering into force of a ban, or potential limitations to rights and freedoms – ignoring the wider impact is risky business.
So at all times, the question must be: is it truly worth the time and effort or will the sum of such issues, at a certain point, be greater than the whole of its parts - thereby (again) distracting too many people from the key priorities, even estranging them?!
That said, ladies and gentlemen, let me go back to the long list of pressing issues.
I will name just a few:
First and foremost, the 2023 federal budget, the Prime Minister explained already; it has been passed by the Council of Ministers. And that is truly good news - yet, it is of course still to be passed by Parliament. Clearly, without a budget - passed by Parliament - much of the implementation of the Government Programme will be held back - including public service delivery.
Also, and importantly, high oil prices cannot keep the country afloat. Similarly, creating jobs sustainably cannot be achieved by further ballooning the public sector. Economic and financial reforms are desperately needed.
Efforts to combat Iraq’s systemic corruption need to go beyond individuals or events. The system that was built after 2003 is simply untenable. And if left as is, it will - yet again - backfire.
Additionally, the many outstanding issues between Baghdad and Erbil call for institutionalized relations. In the absence thereof, little will improve, but not all.
And here too, I could go on.
To, again, cut a long story short: in my address to you, here in Suli - back in 2019, I depicted a landscape marred by factional politics, non-state actors, distortion of state resources, poor services and a lack of jobs. And now, four years later, many of these issues remain sorely acute.
What I am essentially saying is: there is no time to lose.
Definitely, the challenges ahead are manyfold. It would be naive to think that the legacy of past hardships and newly emerging threats, will not continue to test the country’s resilience.
And yes, as any other country, Iraq will be put to the test - sooner or later. But the fear is that, without prompt action, Iraq will flunk this test.
Hence, it is important to anchor the country in the stability it needs to withstand future shocks. And for that to happen we must collectively learn from history – and recent history, at that – to avoid repeating it.
Now, ladies and gentlemen, my remarks today focus on Iraq in its entirety, but the political infighting and parties’ vested interests in the Kurdistan Region cannot be left unmentioned.
Participating in an event at the University of Kurdistan almost two years ago, in May 2021, I concluded my remarks by stating that the Kurdistan Region has a choice:
It can unite, tackle systemic corruption, further strengthen its respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, make meaningful progress on security and economic reform, and engage in dialogue despite internal differences that at times (I admit) seem insurmountable. Or…
Or it can fail to put its house in order, risking what it has achieved in past decades.
And it pains me to say it, but so many people are wondering: what wake-up call are the parties waiting for?
In closing, ladies and gentlemen, let me emphasize: it is our sincere hope that - relying on its immense wealth, diversity, opportunities and potential - Iraq will now be able, and thus be enabled, to successfully move ahead.
After 20 years, the country deserves to rise above endless cycles of instability and fragility. Iraqis are very much aware of the life that was promised after Saddam. Two decades on, they deserve better.
It is as simple as that. And collectively, I am convinced that it is still possible to usher in that promised future.
Thank you.
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Story
13 March 2023
Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert Iraq Climate Conference
Excellencies,
Distinguished guests, good morning. I’m very happy to be here and, if you allow me, I would like to open my remarks by paying tribute to Mr. Jassim al-Asadi. His lifelong commitment to environmental conservation is not only appreciated, but also essential. We need people like Mr. Jassim. They open our eyes. They wake us up. They are the critical drivers for change, adaptation and progress. Ladies and gentlemen, I decided not to bother you with numbers, rankings or percentages. There are other experts far better placed to do so, and you will surely hear from them during this conference. Instead, I wish to convey a sense of urgency. The fact is that environmental challenges present a looming threat. They are far too often overlooked - preoccupied as we are with managing our daily lives. Ultimately, however, climate change is one of the greatest global challenges we collectively face. Hence, we cannot afford to get distracted. We need to focus; we need to keep our eye on the ball. Nearly a year ago, I visited the Mesopotamian Marshes. I was received by Mr. Jassim. He shared his concerns and explained what is at stake. Like many of you, I had the opportunity to witness first-hand a dramatic, beautiful landscape. A landscape whose biodiversity is equalled only by its cultural significance. But sadly, as explained by others, water scarcity in this region is not just a threat on the horizon. It is real. It is here, now. This is, by the way, also the case for other parts of the country. True, southern Iraq remains the most affected region - but drought has also severely damaged agricultural activities in the north, Iraq’s food basket. Ladies and gentlemen, the salinization of water and soils, desertification and the disappearance of arable land are nothing less than existential environmental concerns. As I said, here in Iraq, the water crisis is real. When I raised the issue in a public briefing a year ago, a “climate change non-believer” questioned me. I was expected to focus on peace and security, so he said. As if there is no connection… So, let me emphasize here: climate change and water scarcity are threat multipliers. If left unaddressed, they will come with heightened risks of poverty, food insecurity, biodiversity loss, displacement, forced migration, instability and conflict. And, to be clear: it is already happening. Iraq is acutely vulnerable. We do not have to go far. I have discussed this with the Governor, many times; look around in Basra. Families happily farming their lands for generations now increasingly move to the city. Not because they prefer it, but simply because they are forced to. They are losing their livelihoods; they are running out of options to provide for income. In turn, the city is confronted with an influx of people for which it is not equipped, leading to slums with poor living conditions. Of course – it is also important to mention here that many, but not all, of Iraq’s environmental challenges can be attributed to climate change. For instance, potable water, and irrigation infrastructure and maintenance are significantly lagging behind. Regrettably, Iraq’s water resources have been ineffectively managed for too long. Also of relevance here, Iraq’s water flows are actively being reduced by neighbouring countries. Population growth is, of course, another factor. But again, Iraq’s water crisis is real. And, desertification remains a central concern. Last year’s wave of intense dust- and sandstorms is just another case in point. The country got battered by storms that obscured the sky, sent people running for shelter, and even resulted in sickness and death. And, in the absence of concerted action and political resolve, the risks thereof will only be further exacerbated. Ladies and gentlemen, this conference provides an important platform. A platform for building partnerships. A platform for cooperation, coordination and collaboration. And I would like to thank His Excellency, Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, for bringing us all here in this room. Mr. Prime Minister, I know that this is a priority for you and rightly so. And I can only emphasize that shared ownership of this crucial file - across the political spectrum - will prove essential. And while we must speak out about the need for collective action, about the need to mitigate and adapt, it is - of course - equally important to also highlight the associated opportunities and possibilities. Take for example – the Prime Minister mentioned it himself - the gas flaring. Along with methane leaks, flaring and venting of natural gas make up a significant part of Iraq’s emissions. So, yes, as made (yet again) crystal clear by the Prime Minister a few weeks ago: these practices need to end. That said, this end can spawn a new beginning. If Iraq was to capture the gas it currently flares, it would provide electricity for the entire south. Need I say more? Another example is the transition to clean energy. This is not, simply, a move away from oil and gas – rather it is a move towards a new, green economy. One that comes with jobs, with new infrastructure. One that feeds into the need for Iraq to build a diversified economy. I mean, I think we can all agree that an overreliance on oil is not a solid strategy – for many reasons. What I am essentially saying is: let’s not just talk in terms of risks. A crescendo of doom has the tendency to paralyze things. So, let’s also explore the many possibilities that are out there. Even the non-believers will have to admit that efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change also produce opportunities, such as resource efficiency and cost savings, as well as the development of new products and services. Ladies and gentlemen, some call “climate change” the great equalizer. And, true, it is coming for all of us – no matter our passport or pay grade. But the fact is, we are not all equally vulnerable. Rural communities. Poor or marginalized groups. Minorities. People with disabilities. Women and girls. These are the people who stand to suffer most. Particularly when vulnerabilities intersect. For example, rural women, who bear the brunt of a changing climate, are often the ones with the least access to resources and services, decision-making capacity or mobility needed to respond. Involving these groups in adaptation and mitigation decision-making processes is not an act of charity. Again, it is an opportunity – one that can enrich our responses and bring new ideas to the table. Lastly, ladies and gentlemen, let me emphasize: the environmental challenges facing Iraq are not all homegrown. I just referred to neighbours that are actively reducing the inflow in Iraq’s rivers. What does that mean? It means Iraq cannot solve these challenges alone. No country can. All stakeholders will have to play their part. From the Government, neighbouring countries, private companies, international organizations and financial institutions to think tanks, start-ups, local advocacy groups and NGOs. Each and every one of us must play a role in the mammoth tasks ahead. And as climate-related challenges grow in complexity – spilling across borders, deepening fractures among societies, multiplying existing threats – I can only underline the need for stepped up regional cooperation. It will be ever more critical, as explained by the Prime Minister. And it goes without saying: at all times, the UN stands ready to support regional water diplomacy, provide technical assistance on water negotiations or act as a convening partner for effective dialogue. The harsh reality is that many of today’s challenges do not recognize borders. And, facing these challenges requires close cooperation. We need each other to be at our best. It is as simple as that. Within this context, let me also welcome Iraq’s participation in the upcoming UN 2023 Water Conference in New York later this month. And yes, certainly, joining the Water Convention in advance would send a strong message about Iraq’s seriousness to engage at the regional level using normative frameworks. In closing, ladies and gentlemen, it is our sincere hope that, through this conference - here in Basra - Iraq will embark on an inclusive planning process. One with strong institutional coordination and sufficient budget allocation. One which the United Nations and many other partners can support in following up. A process that will enable Iraq to effectively deal with the many environmental challenges and associated risks ahead. I wish you all a fruitful conference. Thank you.
Distinguished guests, good morning. I’m very happy to be here and, if you allow me, I would like to open my remarks by paying tribute to Mr. Jassim al-Asadi. His lifelong commitment to environmental conservation is not only appreciated, but also essential. We need people like Mr. Jassim. They open our eyes. They wake us up. They are the critical drivers for change, adaptation and progress. Ladies and gentlemen, I decided not to bother you with numbers, rankings or percentages. There are other experts far better placed to do so, and you will surely hear from them during this conference. Instead, I wish to convey a sense of urgency. The fact is that environmental challenges present a looming threat. They are far too often overlooked - preoccupied as we are with managing our daily lives. Ultimately, however, climate change is one of the greatest global challenges we collectively face. Hence, we cannot afford to get distracted. We need to focus; we need to keep our eye on the ball. Nearly a year ago, I visited the Mesopotamian Marshes. I was received by Mr. Jassim. He shared his concerns and explained what is at stake. Like many of you, I had the opportunity to witness first-hand a dramatic, beautiful landscape. A landscape whose biodiversity is equalled only by its cultural significance. But sadly, as explained by others, water scarcity in this region is not just a threat on the horizon. It is real. It is here, now. This is, by the way, also the case for other parts of the country. True, southern Iraq remains the most affected region - but drought has also severely damaged agricultural activities in the north, Iraq’s food basket. Ladies and gentlemen, the salinization of water and soils, desertification and the disappearance of arable land are nothing less than existential environmental concerns. As I said, here in Iraq, the water crisis is real. When I raised the issue in a public briefing a year ago, a “climate change non-believer” questioned me. I was expected to focus on peace and security, so he said. As if there is no connection… So, let me emphasize here: climate change and water scarcity are threat multipliers. If left unaddressed, they will come with heightened risks of poverty, food insecurity, biodiversity loss, displacement, forced migration, instability and conflict. And, to be clear: it is already happening. Iraq is acutely vulnerable. We do not have to go far. I have discussed this with the Governor, many times; look around in Basra. Families happily farming their lands for generations now increasingly move to the city. Not because they prefer it, but simply because they are forced to. They are losing their livelihoods; they are running out of options to provide for income. In turn, the city is confronted with an influx of people for which it is not equipped, leading to slums with poor living conditions. Of course – it is also important to mention here that many, but not all, of Iraq’s environmental challenges can be attributed to climate change. For instance, potable water, and irrigation infrastructure and maintenance are significantly lagging behind. Regrettably, Iraq’s water resources have been ineffectively managed for too long. Also of relevance here, Iraq’s water flows are actively being reduced by neighbouring countries. Population growth is, of course, another factor. But again, Iraq’s water crisis is real. And, desertification remains a central concern. Last year’s wave of intense dust- and sandstorms is just another case in point. The country got battered by storms that obscured the sky, sent people running for shelter, and even resulted in sickness and death. And, in the absence of concerted action and political resolve, the risks thereof will only be further exacerbated. Ladies and gentlemen, this conference provides an important platform. A platform for building partnerships. A platform for cooperation, coordination and collaboration. And I would like to thank His Excellency, Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, for bringing us all here in this room. Mr. Prime Minister, I know that this is a priority for you and rightly so. And I can only emphasize that shared ownership of this crucial file - across the political spectrum - will prove essential. And while we must speak out about the need for collective action, about the need to mitigate and adapt, it is - of course - equally important to also highlight the associated opportunities and possibilities. Take for example – the Prime Minister mentioned it himself - the gas flaring. Along with methane leaks, flaring and venting of natural gas make up a significant part of Iraq’s emissions. So, yes, as made (yet again) crystal clear by the Prime Minister a few weeks ago: these practices need to end. That said, this end can spawn a new beginning. If Iraq was to capture the gas it currently flares, it would provide electricity for the entire south. Need I say more? Another example is the transition to clean energy. This is not, simply, a move away from oil and gas – rather it is a move towards a new, green economy. One that comes with jobs, with new infrastructure. One that feeds into the need for Iraq to build a diversified economy. I mean, I think we can all agree that an overreliance on oil is not a solid strategy – for many reasons. What I am essentially saying is: let’s not just talk in terms of risks. A crescendo of doom has the tendency to paralyze things. So, let’s also explore the many possibilities that are out there. Even the non-believers will have to admit that efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change also produce opportunities, such as resource efficiency and cost savings, as well as the development of new products and services. Ladies and gentlemen, some call “climate change” the great equalizer. And, true, it is coming for all of us – no matter our passport or pay grade. But the fact is, we are not all equally vulnerable. Rural communities. Poor or marginalized groups. Minorities. People with disabilities. Women and girls. These are the people who stand to suffer most. Particularly when vulnerabilities intersect. For example, rural women, who bear the brunt of a changing climate, are often the ones with the least access to resources and services, decision-making capacity or mobility needed to respond. Involving these groups in adaptation and mitigation decision-making processes is not an act of charity. Again, it is an opportunity – one that can enrich our responses and bring new ideas to the table. Lastly, ladies and gentlemen, let me emphasize: the environmental challenges facing Iraq are not all homegrown. I just referred to neighbours that are actively reducing the inflow in Iraq’s rivers. What does that mean? It means Iraq cannot solve these challenges alone. No country can. All stakeholders will have to play their part. From the Government, neighbouring countries, private companies, international organizations and financial institutions to think tanks, start-ups, local advocacy groups and NGOs. Each and every one of us must play a role in the mammoth tasks ahead. And as climate-related challenges grow in complexity – spilling across borders, deepening fractures among societies, multiplying existing threats – I can only underline the need for stepped up regional cooperation. It will be ever more critical, as explained by the Prime Minister. And it goes without saying: at all times, the UN stands ready to support regional water diplomacy, provide technical assistance on water negotiations or act as a convening partner for effective dialogue. The harsh reality is that many of today’s challenges do not recognize borders. And, facing these challenges requires close cooperation. We need each other to be at our best. It is as simple as that. Within this context, let me also welcome Iraq’s participation in the upcoming UN 2023 Water Conference in New York later this month. And yes, certainly, joining the Water Convention in advance would send a strong message about Iraq’s seriousness to engage at the regional level using normative frameworks. In closing, ladies and gentlemen, it is our sincere hope that, through this conference - here in Basra - Iraq will embark on an inclusive planning process. One with strong institutional coordination and sufficient budget allocation. One which the United Nations and many other partners can support in following up. A process that will enable Iraq to effectively deal with the many environmental challenges and associated risks ahead. I wish you all a fruitful conference. Thank you.
1 of 5

Story
06 March 2023
Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert Remarks on the occasion of International Women’s Day
Good evening.
I am glad to be here.
And, I mean that.
It is a real honour to address you all, on the occasion of 8 March, the day I would say in our calendar year, when we reflect on achievements and recommit to the further advancement of women. And, of course, I am proud to be among you - so many of you have used your voice to champion women’s causes and I am truly proud of that.
So, let us use this opportunity to reflect indeed. Where do things stand when it comes to women in Iraq today?
Those who know me are most likely aware of the fact that I’d like to think in terms of the glass being half full.
So, let me start with the October 2021 elections. Women took the opportunity presented by these elections – and they ran with it. They mobilized for their districts, surging past the 25% minimum quota to make up the highest number of women in Iraq’s parliament to date.
This was not an easy feat, as it is widely recognized that women face significant challenges when they seek to exercise their political and electoral rights. From, for instance, the escalation of harassment; intimidation; sexual, psychological and physical violence, to gender-biased scrutiny from the public and media. Unfortunately, this is the case in too many countries and regions across the world. Also in Iraq.
So yes, to all those women out there, I would say a job well done. At the same time, it is crystal clear that a lot of work lies ahead of us.
Not only to ensure the elimination of existing barriers to the realization by women of their political and electoral rights, but also to achieve a better gender balance in decision-making positions. I mean, nobody will deny that very few women end up as mayor or governor, let alone as head of state or government. Meanwhile, the Government of Iraq has taken some steps to increase much-needed protection for women in vulnerable positions, including those belonging to minority communities. I am glad to see movement in the area of retroactive compensation to Yazidi women under the 2021 Yazidi Survivors Law. That said, also here, more – much more – work lies ahead. For instance, there are still too many gaps, in terms of both legislation and its enforcement, which women can slip through. The draft Anti-Domestic Violence Law not only needs passing, it also needs the budgetary and legal clout to make the difference. Moreover, the harsh reality is that violence against women takes many subtle forms. Yes, certainly all kinds of overt and explicit threats, but also implicit threats of social exclusion and rejection. All of this with the intention to degrade, demoralize or shame the women in question. It can happen at home, in the community, in public and online. And there is no denying it: threats - implicit or explicit - often precede physical or sexual violence. The good news is that the October 2022 Government Program espouses a commitment to the empowerment, support and protection of women. And, of course, commitments are good. They are the first step. But what comes after is the part that really matters. That is where we – all of us in this room – need to be vigilant. We need to keep asking when and how this commitment will bring about action. Speaking of action, women – in particular, young women I have to say– are taking it. Across this country, they are coming up with innovative community-driven solutions for some of the biggest existential crises facing Iraqi society. For example, I have met some of the amazing women working at shelters for survivors of violence here in Baghdad. Iraqi women continue to be involved in reconstructing areas liberated from DA’ESH, raising awareness of the risks posed by improvised explosive devices and rebuilding their communities. Just last week I heard about a women-led project converting organic waste into fertilizer, thereby reducing pollution, generating revenue and contributing to Iraq’s agricultural sector. That’s just great! And, it inspires so many people – including myself. Nevertheless, there is always a but, as you could hear from the examples I used earlier on. In other words: further progress requires hard work. Even if one likes to think in terms of the glass being half full – like me, our optimism can only go so far, before it fades. Distinguished guests, dear friends, The building blocks are down; that is good. But a solid structure is – as of yet – lacking. And to state the obvious: its construction requires more. A lot more. It requires more resources. And I hope we see some tangible allocations in Iraq’s new budget. It requires more mobilization and advocacy. Within this context, let me mention the lessons learned during the 2021 elections and the importance of applying these lessons to any future elections. It requires more partnerships. Hearing directly from everyday Iraqi women is the best way to keep our finger on the pulse; to know what is really happening across the country. It requires more representation. While I was glad to see the appointment of three women cabinet ministers (some of them here today), we are eagerly awaiting a further increase of women in decision-making positions. It requires more political will, which will be needed in pushing through, for instance, the long-awaited draft Anti- Domestic Violence Law. I mention this law again because it is so important, and not only for women but also for the elderly and children – male or female – and anyone else who is at risk of experiencing violence within the family. And lastly, all of this requires courage. Because – frankly – it is not always easy to talk about or to act on women’s empowerment today. Having said this: we, women, are backed by a strong case. I’m not only talking about the moral one. I mean, I don’t think many men would disagree that safeguarding the rights and freedoms of half the population is, simply, the right thing to do. There is also a legal case. And here I am, of course, referring to Iraq’s 2005 Constitution – passed by popular referendum – enshrining the equal rights of women and men. not to mention the many national, regional and international laws and treaties. And, there is a practical case – one that is getting harder to argue against. Research continues to demonstrate that having more women in decision-making positions is good, not just for women, but for everyone. Studies show that society as a whole becomes more secure, more prosperous, as gender equality improves.[1] And, as Iraq continues to advance its own program of economic growth, I will also cite the World Bank, which has concluded that, on average, long-term value added to the economy per person would be almost 20% higher if gender employment gaps were closed.[2] Now, as we are not here to discuss politics or argue over affiliation, I am pretty sure that all of us will share, value and/or appreciate the calls for respecting local contexts, cultures and traditions. At the same time, both the data and our lived experience, tell us that the world cannot face the many challenges that are looming without harnessing the potential of women. It is as simple as that. And, leveraging the enormous potential of women starts with protecting their rights and freedoms. The United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, who visited Iraq few days ago, has delivered this message time and again. And, it is the reason he has prioritized placing women and girls at the centre of “Our Common Agenda” – it is a sweeping initiative to tackle the biggest issues of our time. To be clear: our common agenda is an initiative called for by all UN Member States, including Iraq. Now dear friends, I look around today, at a room of accomplished, illustrious women. I know that some, in particular some men, would accuse us of “preaching to the choir”, as the saying goes. And, yes, let’s face it – to see real change…we must convince, we must enlist…those who are not in the room. At the same time, I also think we need spaces like this one; to draw strength from our common efforts…to share lessons and experiences…to strategize on the way forward – on reaching those not already part of our “choir”. When I was little girl, my mother told me time and again: if you can dream it, you can do it. And she was right. So yes, let us do it collectively. Distinguished guests, dear friends, Tonight’s theme reflects on the role of women in Mesopotamia. These women built entire cities; they marked history with their words; they led civilizations. And we do not need to look far to see such examples in modern times. I’ll mention the late Zaha Hadid, a globally distinguished architect; the late Zakia Haqqi, the first female judge in Iraq and the Arab region; and Alia Saleh Khalaf, also known as Umm Qusay, who put herself at great risk to save the lives of Iraqi soldiers from Da’esh and continues to inspire many. These are just some of the countless women who stand up and call for change…who push for legislation…who speak truth to power, making the case for the advancement and empowerment of women in Iraq and beyond. In conclusion, dear friends, and to once again pay tribute to tonight’s theme, let me emphasize: every woman in Iraq is a queen. And not only that, she is also quite often the mother of a queen. And, frankly, I am yet to meet the man who could say the very same thing. Thank you. [1] World Economic Forum Gender Gap Report (2017), as cited by European Partnership for Democracy [2] World Bank in Gender Overview
Not only to ensure the elimination of existing barriers to the realization by women of their political and electoral rights, but also to achieve a better gender balance in decision-making positions. I mean, nobody will deny that very few women end up as mayor or governor, let alone as head of state or government. Meanwhile, the Government of Iraq has taken some steps to increase much-needed protection for women in vulnerable positions, including those belonging to minority communities. I am glad to see movement in the area of retroactive compensation to Yazidi women under the 2021 Yazidi Survivors Law. That said, also here, more – much more – work lies ahead. For instance, there are still too many gaps, in terms of both legislation and its enforcement, which women can slip through. The draft Anti-Domestic Violence Law not only needs passing, it also needs the budgetary and legal clout to make the difference. Moreover, the harsh reality is that violence against women takes many subtle forms. Yes, certainly all kinds of overt and explicit threats, but also implicit threats of social exclusion and rejection. All of this with the intention to degrade, demoralize or shame the women in question. It can happen at home, in the community, in public and online. And there is no denying it: threats - implicit or explicit - often precede physical or sexual violence. The good news is that the October 2022 Government Program espouses a commitment to the empowerment, support and protection of women. And, of course, commitments are good. They are the first step. But what comes after is the part that really matters. That is where we – all of us in this room – need to be vigilant. We need to keep asking when and how this commitment will bring about action. Speaking of action, women – in particular, young women I have to say– are taking it. Across this country, they are coming up with innovative community-driven solutions for some of the biggest existential crises facing Iraqi society. For example, I have met some of the amazing women working at shelters for survivors of violence here in Baghdad. Iraqi women continue to be involved in reconstructing areas liberated from DA’ESH, raising awareness of the risks posed by improvised explosive devices and rebuilding their communities. Just last week I heard about a women-led project converting organic waste into fertilizer, thereby reducing pollution, generating revenue and contributing to Iraq’s agricultural sector. That’s just great! And, it inspires so many people – including myself. Nevertheless, there is always a but, as you could hear from the examples I used earlier on. In other words: further progress requires hard work. Even if one likes to think in terms of the glass being half full – like me, our optimism can only go so far, before it fades. Distinguished guests, dear friends, The building blocks are down; that is good. But a solid structure is – as of yet – lacking. And to state the obvious: its construction requires more. A lot more. It requires more resources. And I hope we see some tangible allocations in Iraq’s new budget. It requires more mobilization and advocacy. Within this context, let me mention the lessons learned during the 2021 elections and the importance of applying these lessons to any future elections. It requires more partnerships. Hearing directly from everyday Iraqi women is the best way to keep our finger on the pulse; to know what is really happening across the country. It requires more representation. While I was glad to see the appointment of three women cabinet ministers (some of them here today), we are eagerly awaiting a further increase of women in decision-making positions. It requires more political will, which will be needed in pushing through, for instance, the long-awaited draft Anti- Domestic Violence Law. I mention this law again because it is so important, and not only for women but also for the elderly and children – male or female – and anyone else who is at risk of experiencing violence within the family. And lastly, all of this requires courage. Because – frankly – it is not always easy to talk about or to act on women’s empowerment today. Having said this: we, women, are backed by a strong case. I’m not only talking about the moral one. I mean, I don’t think many men would disagree that safeguarding the rights and freedoms of half the population is, simply, the right thing to do. There is also a legal case. And here I am, of course, referring to Iraq’s 2005 Constitution – passed by popular referendum – enshrining the equal rights of women and men. not to mention the many national, regional and international laws and treaties. And, there is a practical case – one that is getting harder to argue against. Research continues to demonstrate that having more women in decision-making positions is good, not just for women, but for everyone. Studies show that society as a whole becomes more secure, more prosperous, as gender equality improves.[1] And, as Iraq continues to advance its own program of economic growth, I will also cite the World Bank, which has concluded that, on average, long-term value added to the economy per person would be almost 20% higher if gender employment gaps were closed.[2] Now, as we are not here to discuss politics or argue over affiliation, I am pretty sure that all of us will share, value and/or appreciate the calls for respecting local contexts, cultures and traditions. At the same time, both the data and our lived experience, tell us that the world cannot face the many challenges that are looming without harnessing the potential of women. It is as simple as that. And, leveraging the enormous potential of women starts with protecting their rights and freedoms. The United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, who visited Iraq few days ago, has delivered this message time and again. And, it is the reason he has prioritized placing women and girls at the centre of “Our Common Agenda” – it is a sweeping initiative to tackle the biggest issues of our time. To be clear: our common agenda is an initiative called for by all UN Member States, including Iraq. Now dear friends, I look around today, at a room of accomplished, illustrious women. I know that some, in particular some men, would accuse us of “preaching to the choir”, as the saying goes. And, yes, let’s face it – to see real change…we must convince, we must enlist…those who are not in the room. At the same time, I also think we need spaces like this one; to draw strength from our common efforts…to share lessons and experiences…to strategize on the way forward – on reaching those not already part of our “choir”. When I was little girl, my mother told me time and again: if you can dream it, you can do it. And she was right. So yes, let us do it collectively. Distinguished guests, dear friends, Tonight’s theme reflects on the role of women in Mesopotamia. These women built entire cities; they marked history with their words; they led civilizations. And we do not need to look far to see such examples in modern times. I’ll mention the late Zaha Hadid, a globally distinguished architect; the late Zakia Haqqi, the first female judge in Iraq and the Arab region; and Alia Saleh Khalaf, also known as Umm Qusay, who put herself at great risk to save the lives of Iraqi soldiers from Da’esh and continues to inspire many. These are just some of the countless women who stand up and call for change…who push for legislation…who speak truth to power, making the case for the advancement and empowerment of women in Iraq and beyond. In conclusion, dear friends, and to once again pay tribute to tonight’s theme, let me emphasize: every woman in Iraq is a queen. And not only that, she is also quite often the mother of a queen. And, frankly, I am yet to meet the man who could say the very same thing. Thank you. [1] World Economic Forum Gender Gap Report (2017), as cited by European Partnership for Democracy [2] World Bank in Gender Overview
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Story
01 March 2023
Secretary-General's press encounter at the National Museum of Iraq
It is impossible to come to this museum and not to feel that here was the birth of civilization and here we have found different demonstrations of how rich the culture of Iraq was during millennia. The old kingdoms of empires, the Abbasid Caliphate, where culture flourished when Europe was still largely a barbarian area and where even the tradition - the Greek classic tradition - was rescued and came afterwards back to Europe. So the contribution of Iraq to world civilization, to world culture, is absolutely outstanding. So I'm here to pay tribute to all those that are working in this museum, preserving it in the difficult times that Iraq has faced some years ago, which allow us to be able to contemplate the magnificent culture and history of this wonderful country.
Thank you very much.
Thank you very much.
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Press Release
28 March 2023
Toward Comprehensive Rehabilitation: Mental Health Service Referral System Launched for Genocide Survivors in Iraq
Under the Agreement, Directorate staff will refer survivors to and follow up with these organizations, which have committed to the ethical provision services according to their respective capacities. Located in areas of displacement and return, the eight organizations include: Dialogue Organization for Development and Relief, Farida Global, Free Yezidi Foundation, Hope Makers, Jesuit Rescue Services, Jiyan Foundation, SEED Foundation and Yazda.
“Iraq is showing the world what commitment to transitional justice looks like – first with the passage of the YSL in March 2021 and establishment of the Directorate for Survivors Affairs; then with the opening of the application process last September for survivors to begin receiving reparations; this month with the first distribution of monthly salaries promised to survivors under the YSL; and now through the activation of the MHPSS Referral System,” said Chief of Mission for the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Iraq, Mr. Giorgi Gigauri. “IOM Iraq is proud to have been able to support every step along the way, and we remain committed to a trauma-informed, survivor-centred transitional justice process.”
The aim of the Directorate’s MHPSS Referral System is to bridge the institutional gap in the MHPSS services available to survivors in Iraq as they undergo rehabilitation in the genocide’s aftermath; Indeed, the need for such services and care among genocide survivors is immense, but state facilities and resources for MHPSS provision are almost non-existent, with local and international organizations acting as the main providers of such services for survivors.
“Many survivors who escaped ISIL in 2014 have not seen any MHPSS providers at all,” said Khawla, a Yezidi survivor and member of the Survivors Voices Network. “It is very important for survivors to know that there are people who think about them, there are people supporting them to rebuild their lives. And it is crucial that the MHPSS services are sustained because many survivors will need MHPSS support over a long period to be able to overcome their trauma, heal and rebuild their lives.”
The Referral System will function as the main framework through which beneficiaries of YSL can access MHPSS services, until the official MHPSS institutional framework is properly equipped and effective. IOM Iraq will help to strengthen the Referral System over the course of 2023 through capacity building, in-kind support and funding. In parallel, the Directorate will initiate work to build a specialized MHPSS facility for YSL beneficiaries in collaboration with the Ministry of Health.
Director General of the Directorate for Survivors Affairs, Ms. Sarab Elias Barakat, said, “This is an important step in the implementation of the YSL. We are happy with this cooperation with NGOs to provide MHPSS services to the survivors who have been suffering greatly and are in desperate need of this support. This referral mechanism will enable survivors to have access to MHPSS services in their own areas of residence.”
“The UK continues to champion the rights of survivors and remains a strong advocate for the implementation of the Yezidi Survivor’s Law. We are delighted by the launch of the referral system – the atrocities committed by Daesh have had a profound impact on minority communities; mental health and psychosocial support remains essential. We look forward to continuing our close cooperation with IOM and the Directorate for Survivor Affairs to further help survivors,” said British Ambassador to Iraq, H.E. Mark Bryson-Richardson.
“The Dutch Government is a very proud partner of IOM for their advert support in the making and implementation of the Yezidi Survivors Law. We are very pleased to see this step – hopefully one in line of many – to have a direct effect on the lives of those impacted so devastatingly nine years ago. This is really a strong sign that successful steps are being made in the pursuit of transitional justice and a major step towards a more hopeful future for those who were affected,” said Mr. Jelle-Jochem Duits, Second Secretary of the Dutch Consulate General.
The YSL represents a key institutional framework for addressing the legacy of ISIL’s genocidal crimes against Yezidis, Shabak, Turkmen and Christians, and also stipulates a variety of rights and benefits – including monthly pension, rehabilitation support and a plot of land – for women and girls who survived conflict-related sexual violence and children who survived abduction at the hands of ISIL.
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Press Release
28 March 2023
Hamadan: the latest in UNITAD and Iraqi Authorities Joint Excavation and Investigation of ISIL Victims’ Mass Graves in Sinjar
The excavations were led by the Mass Graves Directorate (MGD) in cooperation with the Medico-Legal Directorate (MLD) in line with the national strategy for excavation of mass graves and the Iraqi Law on the Protection of Mass Graves. UNITAD provided support to the excavations including financial, technical, and expert support as well as necessary equipment.
In August 2014, ISIL committed atrocious crimes against the Yazidi community in Iraq, which UNITAD had deemed as amounting to Genocide. The excavation of Hamadan mass graves offers additional evidence that contributes to prove such crimes against the Yazidis. These excavations and investigations of multiple mass graves are critical components in advancing efforts for holding ISIL perpetrators accountable for atrocities committed against the Yazidi community in Sinjar. Moreover, the recovered remains were transported to MLD facilities in Baghdad to be identified, allowing for their return to the next of kin to provide their loved ones with dignified burials in accordance with religious or cultural practices.
Special Adviser and Head of the Investigative Team Christian Ritscher stated that “UNITAD will continue to support Iraqi efforts to excavate mass graves of ISIL victims. The Yazidi community in Hamdan, as other communities impacted by ISIL crimes in Iraq, deserve to see justice served for the international crimes committed against them and their loved ones. It is through our joint endeavors with the Iraqi Government and competent national experts that we are able to move forward towards pursuing accountability and achieving justice.”
Mr. Dia’ Karim Tehmeh, Director General of MGD pointed that: “usually, MGD and in consultation with all partners, draws an annual plan for the excavations. These activities are the first step in this plan that ensures the opening and excavation of several sites in different governorates.”
The identification of the recovered remains will be carried out in accordance with international standards, and using advanced technology, including the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) which was provided by UNITAD to support MLD in its efforts to establish robust scientific identifications of the remains of victims recovered from ISIL mass graves across Iraq. So far, UNITAD has supported the excavation of over 40 mass graves of ISIL victims.
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Press Release
27 March 2023
Signature of the Regional Framework for Arab States (2023 – 2028) And Launch of the Arab Plan for Prevention and Reduction of the Dangers of Drugs to Arab Society: Towards Effective Handling of the Issue from a Social Perspective
In continuation of the strong cooperation between the League of Arab States (LAS) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the “Regional Framework for the Arab States (2023 – 2028)” was signed and the “Arab Plan for Prevention and Reduction of the Dangers of Drugs to Arab Society: Towards Effective Handling of the Issue from a Social Perspective” was launched today Sunday the 26th of March at the LAS Headquarters. H.E. Mr. Ahmed Aboul Gheit, Secretary-General of LAS and H.E Ms. Ghada Waly, UNODC Executive Director co-signed the aforementioned Regional Framework (2023 – 2028).
The signature of the Framework and the launch of the Plan included the participation of H. E. Ms. Nivine El Kabbaj, Minister of Social Solidarity of the Arab Republic of Egypt and Permanent Member of the Executive Office of the Council of Arab Ministers of Social Affairs, H. E. Maryam Bint Nasser Al-Misned, Minister of Social Development the State of Qatar and Chair of the 42nd session of the Council of Arab Ministers of Social Affairs, and with the presence of the Permanent Member States’ Ambassadors at LAS, a number of Ambassadors of different countries, in addition to Heads and Representatives of United Nations bodies and agencies.
The Regional Framework for the Arab States 2023-2028acts as the overarching strategic framework for cooperation between UNODC and LAS. It frames how UNODC will strengthen, prioritize, customize, and deliver support to the Arab region in effective response to some of the most pressing challenges faced by these countries and in connection with UNODC’s mandates and specialties.
The Regional Framework articulates six focus areas for guiding UNODC-implemented programming at the regional and national levels and they are: a balanced approach to drug control, strengthening the response to organized crime, combating trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants, action against corruption and financial crime, preventing and countering terrorism and violence, and strengthening crime/violence prevention and criminal justice.
Furthermore, the Regional Framework applies six key accelerators across all programmatic interventions to speed up progress and maximize efforts towards fast-tracking the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and they are: partnerships, women and girls, innovation, science, and forensics, human rights, youth and children, and inclusive and people-centered programming. The programme will also support UNODC’s partnership expansion with Member States in the region to include current vital Ministries and Institutions relevant to youth, solidarity, education, culture, human rights, countering corruption; in addition to previous partnerships with the Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Health.
The event also saw the launch of the Arab Plan for Prevention and Reduction of the Dangers of Drugs to Arab Society: Towards Effective Handling of the Issue from a Social Perspective. This important plan represents a regional social framework for combating drugs in the Arab States by highlighting the social dimension of drug demand reduction in the context of its negative impact on social development in specific and sustainable development in general. This is also at the heart of efforts to achieve the Arab Declaration adopted by LAS in 2016 to implement the Sustainable Development Agenda 2023. The present document provides an indicative vision for guiding Arab action towards a comprehensive and integrated response based on scientific evidence and consistent with Arab specificity of this phenomenon. The Plan aims to build national strategies and action plans that meet national requirements and includes a number of initiatives, projects and activities that achieve their objectives in complementarity with Arab efforts to combat the supply of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances through comprehensive actions that include proactiveness and social resolution.
The Arab Plan’s dimensions showcase the methods of how to address this phenomenon from a social perspective and in line with Arab countries’ regulations and conditions in order to implement effective interventions including related multidimensional social and development consequences and to strengthen Arab efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The important dimensions of the Plan include community prevention, rehabilitation and social integration, addressing drug-related harm and its consequences, as well as the dimensions and themes in support of the Plan's areas of action, namely international cooperation, scientific research and innovation, coordination mechanisms, governance, implementation, measurement and impact assessment.
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Press Release
27 March 2023
WFP IRAQ PARTNERS WITH THE MINISTRY OF TRADE TO REFORM THE PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN IRAQ
By signing the LoC, WFP and MoT commit to providing access to a comprehensive, inclusive, shock-responsive, and end-to-end digitalized Public Distribution System. The joint goal is to ensure that no one is left behind and that vulnerable groups, including children, youth, women, the elderly, and people with disabilities inside Iraq will benefit.
WFP and MoT have successfully introduced end-to-end digitalization in the governorate of Najaf in record time and are currently preparing to scale it up in other parts of Iraq, gradually moving towards a reformed PDS in Iraq. Further down the line, WFP and MoT aim to incorporate the results of this collaboration towards integration with the Single Registry platform.
As part of its strategic support to the Government of Iraq, WFP has been providing technical assistance bringing in best practices to ensure citizens have improved access to social protection. In addition to building the capacities of MoT staff, WFP has supported the Government by providing equipment and increasing public awareness of the PDS reform, including through a social behavioural change communication campaign.
“I trust that this solid collaboration with the Iraqi Ministry of Trade will stand as a testament to the will and perseverance of both parties to give their utmost to support the people of Iraq,” said WFP Iraq Representative, Ally Raza Qureshi. “This collaboration will pave the way towards more efficient and meaningful change in Government processes towards helping the people of Iraq.”
WPF thanks its donors, the EU, BMZ and BHA, who, through their generous support, have ensured that this reformative work can be carried out.
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Press Release
26 March 2023
Iraq and ILO intensify efforts to strengthen social security system, in light of recent ratification of ILO flagship Social Security Convention (C102)
This makes Iraq the second country in the region to ratify ILO Social Security Convention No. 102, after Jordan.
ILO Social Security Convention No. 102 is the foundation of all ILO Social Security Conventions. It outlines the minimum standards of the nine branches of social security: medical care, family benefit, maternity benefit, sickness benefit, unemployment benefit, employment injury benefit, old-age benefit, invalidity benefit, and survivors’ benefit.
“The ratification of Convention No. 102 by Iraq emphasizes its commitment to enshrining social security as an inherent right and to reforming national legislation and regulations to strengthen legal protection and safeguards for workers and improve the business environment,” said Minister of Labour and Social Affairs of the Republic of Iraq, Ahmed Jasim Al-Asadi, when depositing the instrument of ratification to Director-General of the ILO Gilbert F. Houngbo in Geneva.
The Government of Iraq, including the Kurdistan Regional Government is already in the process of revising its social security legislation.
Currently, the social security system for private-sector workers in Iraq has very minimal coverage, and lacks two branches of social security - maternity and unemployment benefits – leaving covered workers vulnerable to poverty in the event of job loss or pregnancy.
Supporting the process to ensure the extension of social security coverage to workers in the private sector has been one of ILO’s key priorities under a European Union funded programme to reform social protection, which is being jointly implemented by the Government of Iraq, ILO, UNICEF and WFP.
The ILO has been working closely with government, workers’ and employers’ representatives, and Members of Parliaments on the proposed amendments to the legal instruments in Federal and the Kurdistan region. The proposed amendments are based on legal assessment and actuarial valuations, conducted by the ILO.
The current drafts for Federal Iraq and Kurdistan Region, upon endorsement by both governments, will strengthen the sustainability of the schemes, expand the range of entitlements to include maternity and unemployment benefits, and support the extension of legal coverage to informal workers, which represent 66.6% of total employment.
“The legal reform process aims to bring national legislation more closely in line with the Convention. This is critical in ensuring a more inclusive social protection system for workers and future generations in Iraq,” added ILO Country Coordinator in Iraq Maha Kattaa.
Moving forward, the ILO will continue to provide technical assistance, as required, to the legislative reform process and support the Government of Iraq in its reporting responsibilities towards the ILO supervisory bodies.
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